6^th World Congress on Midwifery & Womens Health September 09-10, 2019 Baltimore, USA

Traditional midwife, is a care provider for pregnancy and childbirth. Traditional midwives generally provide basic health care, support and advice during and after pregnancy and childbirth, based on experience and knowledge acquired through the traditions and practices of the communities where they originated. They perceive their role to include promoting the change in societal attitudes towards birth, and favoring the "art" of midwifery founded on maternal or compassionate instincts, rather than over-medicalization of this natural event.

Midwifery is a self-regulating profession in most of the countries. In many Universities, Midwifery is a dynamic and innovative program which includes the in active clinical practice, leading edge research, and professional leadership. A midwife is recognized as a responsible and accountable professional who works in cooperation with women to give the necessary support, care and advice during pregnancy. The midwife has an important task in health counseling, Practice and education, not only for the women, but also within the community.

Women's experience of health differs with unique issues. Unique issues include pregnancy, menopause, reproductive health and conditions of the female organs.  The presence of one or more additional disorders from other non-reproductive disease such as cardiovascular disease contributes to both the mortality and morbidity of pregnancy, including preeclampsia. Despite, breast cancer remains the commonest cancer in women in most of the countries, and is one of the more important chronic diseases of women.

The menstrual cycle is the regular and natural change that occurs in the female reproductive system. This is a cycle of bodily changes controlled by the female hormones that cause a regular bleed, comes from the uterus. Regular menstrual periods in between the puberty and menopause are usually a sign that your body is working normally and healthy.  Most of the women reports have some symptoms during the one to two weeks prior to menstruation.

Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the state of carrying a developing embryo or fetus within the female body.  After the egg is fertilized by a sperm and then implanted in the lining of the uterus, it develops into the placenta and embryo, and then into a fetus. Childbirth  usually occurs around 40 weeks or just over 9 months from the last menstrual period (LMP). Babies born before 39 weeks are considered early term while those before 37 weeks are premature birth. Symptoms of early pregnancy may include missed menstrual periods, tender breasts, nausea and vomiting, hunger, and frequent urination.

Neonatology is the medical specialty of pediatrics that consists of the medical care of newborn babies, especially the ill or premature newborn. A Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is usually a practice for the hospital that is devoted to the care of critically sick babies. Neonatologists may also act as general pediatricians, providing well on the newborn evaluation and care in the hospital where they are based.

Pediatrics is the field of medicine that is concerned with the health of infants, children, and adolescents for their growth and development. Pediatricians are the medical practitioner or doctor who manages the health of the child, including physical, behavior, and mental health issues. The major focus of early pediatrics was the treatment of infectious diseases that affects the children. The aim of the study of pediatrics is to reduce infant and child rate of deaths and to control the spread of infectious disease.

Maternal and child health majorly refers to the health of mothers, infants, children, and adolescents. The Maternal and Child Health (MCH) supports a broad array of programs to improve the availability and access to high quality preventive and primary health care for children, and for the reproductive health care of women. Both maternal and child health are interdependent and significantly contributing to high burden of mortality worldwide.

Oncology is a field of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. A medical professional or practitioner who practices oncology is an oncologist. The common oncology specialties include the gynecologic, which deals with the treatment of women, with cancer of the female-specific organs and pediatric, which is related to the treatment of children with cancer.

Breast diseases can be classified by a group of conditions marked by changes in breast tissue that are benign (not cancer).Most of breast diseases are noncancerous. They can be classified either with disorders of the integument, or disorders of the reproductive system. There are different types of breast diseases, including some types caused by an increase in the number of cells or by the growth of abnormal cells in the breast ducts or lobes.

The uterus or the womb is the place where a baby grows when a woman is pregnant. The first sign of any problem with the uterus may be bleeding between periods or after sex. Causes can include the hormones, thyroid problems, uterine fibroids, polyps, cancer, infection, or pregnancy. Treatment can depend on the cause.

Gynecology & Obstetrics is a branch of medicine that specializes in the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth and in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive organs. It also specializes in issues of other women’s health, such as menopause, hormone problems, contraception (birth control), and infertility. It is commonly abbreviated as OB-GYN, OBG or O&G. Obstetrician-gynecologists are physicians who possess special knowledge, skills and professional capability in the medical and surgical care of the female reproductive system and their associated disorders.

Reproductive health generally refers to the diseases, disorders and conditions that affect the functioning of the male and female reproductive systems during all stages of life. Planning and having a healthy pregnancy is essential to the health of women, infants, and families and is especially important in preventing teen pregnancy and childbearing. Most of the Women’s came across many unique health issues related to reproduction and sexuality which are responsible for many health related problems experienced by women during their reproductive years (aged 15–44), of which unsafe sex is a major risk factor. To maintain Reproductive and Sexual Health, people must know the accurate information and the safe, effective, and acceptable contraception method of their choice.

Reproductive cancers are cancer that is related to the organs in reproduction. The most common reproductive cancers in women are cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, Vulvar cancer. Cervical cancer is the Cancer of the cervix, the lower end of the uterus that extends to the vagina. Ovarian cancer is the Cancer in the ovaries, the two organs that make female hormones and produce a woman’s eggs. Uterine cancer is the Cancer in the uterus (womb), the organ where the baby grows when a woman is pregnant. Vaginal cancer is the Cancer of the vagina, the hollow channel that leads from the uterus and cervix to the outside of the body. Vulvar cancer is the Cancer of the vulva, the area around the opening of the vagina.

Nurse-Midwife is a registered nurse with additional training as a midwife who delivers infants and provides prenatal and postpartum care, newborn care, and some routine care (such as gynecological exams) of women. Certified nurse-midwives or certified midwives are skilled health professionals who practice in a wide variety of clinical settings, diagnosing and treating patients as well as referring them to a specialist, if required.  Midwife nursing practice includes the Evidence based practice (EBP) which is the conscientious use of current best evidence in making decisions about patient care and treatment.

Reproductive endocrinology is a field of medicine that identifies and treats infertility in both men and women. Reproductive endocrinology is a surgical subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology that trains physicians in reproductive medicine addressing hormonal functioning as it pertains to reproduction as well as the issue of infertility. This is a medical specialty for infertility, menopause, and other issues with reproductive hormones. This specialty sometimes is called as reproductive endocrinology and infertility because much of their work focuses on helping women to become pregnant and carry a baby to term. A Reproductive Endocrinologist is a fertility specialist that specializes in Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), Endometriosis, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Tubal factor infertility, Male factor infertility, Fertility preservation, Congenital uterine anomalies, Other disorders of the female reproductive tract.

Sexual ethics or sex morals are the ethics that matters from all features of human sexuality, including human sexual performance. Generally, erotic ethics mainly relate to personal and public values concerning the behavior of personal relationships. Ethical issues in modern obstetrics commonly relate to a conflict between the rights and possibilities of the fetus to those of the mother. Ethics is defined as the study of philosophy that deals with human behavior and their ability to distinguish right from wrong as the individuals relate with one another. Midwives are required to protect, promote, and optimize the health service through prevention of injury to the patient. Most of the Midwives provide emergency services required in a hospital and thus have a difficult task to engage in and with the shortage of midwives and adverse working conditions.